How can property owners manage starlings effectively?

Property owners can manage starlings effectively by installing spikes or netting. This method physically prevents starlings from landing on structures or nesting in areas where they are unwanted. Spikes can be installed on ledges, roofs, or other surfaces to deter birds from perching, as the spikes make the area uncomfortable and inaccessible for them. Similarly, netting can block off potential nesting sites, keeping the birds from establishing themselves in those locations.

Using loud noises might not be effective long-term, as birds can become accustomed to them and ignore the sound over time. Providing food sources would have the opposite effect, attracting more starlings to the area rather than managing their population. Creating nesting sites would likewise encourage the presence of starlings, further complicating any management efforts. Thus, employing spikes or netting stands out as the most effective strategy for preventing starlings from occupying and damaging property.